Cannabidiol, Flavanoids, Terpenes

Cannabis sativa represents a significant reservoir of terpene diversity, containing approximately 200 of the over 20,000 terpenes identified in nature. Current analytical data suggest that around 50 terpenes are frequently detected in North American cannabis cultivars, with the monoterpene myrcene and the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and α-humulene being particularly ubiquitous. Other common constituents include α-pinene, limonene, linalool, bisabolol, and (E)-β-farnesene . However, comprehensive chemical characterization presents notable challenges. The accurate identification of certain terpenes, especially sesquiterpenes, remains difficult, potentially leading to incomplete reported profiles . Furthermore, inconsistencies in sampling methodology (intra-plant variability) and inadequate reporting of stereochemistry impede a full understanding of terpene diversity and complicate the interpretation and comparison of studies utilizing cannabis extracts or botanicals. While terpenes typically comprise 2-5% of cannabis floral biomass, their concentrations can be significantly elevated in derived formulations. Despite these analytical hurdles, numerous cannabis terpenes exhibit promising bioactivities, including potential anti-cancer effects which warrant further investigation.